Priapism refers to an erection, usually painful, that lasts for more than four hours and is not necessarily the result of sexual arousal. This condition develops when blood in the penis becomes trapped and unable to drain. The condition is most common between the ages of 5 to 10 years and 20 to 50 years.

Priapism needs to be treated immediately to avoid the likely outcome of permanent erectile dysfunction. Priapism does not usually resolve itself so medical attention is definitely required.

Causes of Priapism

Although up to one third of cases have no specific cause, other conditions causing priapism include:

Sickle cell anemia. Up to 42% of men with sickle cell will develop priapism.

Alcohol and cocaine abuse

Spinal cord trauma or conditions

Trauma to the genital area

Medications such as Desyrel used to treat depression, Thorazine used to treat certain mental illnesses

Medications to prevent blood clotting and drugs used to treat blood pressure can all cause priapism

Anesthesia

In rare cases some types of penile cancer can cause priapism
Penile injections designed to treat impotence can also cause priapism

Penis changes that cause priapism

In a normal erection the veins narrow and that’s what makes the penis get bigger and hard. In priapism the veins do not relax after an orgasm so the penis remains erect and usually becomes very painful.

Diagnosis of Priapism

The doctor will ask about your medical history and examine you. He may do some tests, possibly an ultrasound or angiogram and blood tests.

Treatment of Priapism

Treatment is aimed at making the erection go, then treating the underlying cause, if one can be discovered. Treatment is usually in the form of injecting a decongestant medication, often following the draining of a small amount of blood from the penis to relieve pressure. A local anesthetic to numb the penis is usually given prior to this procedure.

Surgery will be required to restore normal blood flow if the cause is a ruptured artery. A surgical shunt for low flow priapism may be required. This is inserted into the penis to divert the blood flow and restore normal blood flow and function.

People with sickle-cell disease usually receive intravenous fluids and a transfusion of blood. If that fails to have the desired effect surgery may be required.

Some men experience semi-erect and painless erections. This is usually a result of trauma where too much blood flowing into the penis, rather than narrowed veins, is the cause. This can be treated via surgery or with a catheter threaded through blood vessels in the groin.

Importance of medical intervention for Priapism

Always seek treatment as quickly as possible to avoid any future problems of permanent erectile dysfunction.

Source: About.com

A study by scientists Andrology in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at the University at Buffalo School of Medicine in New York 2005 found that regular smokers of cannabis have less seminal fluid and lower sperm counts. The sperm were much more likely to swim too fast too early and were, therefore, too exhausted to reach their goal fertilization of the female’s egg. Cannabis smokers also produced less sperm and less seminal fluid.

The findings from the study compared the sperm of 22 cannabis smokers and 59 fertile men. It is the first research that compares the sperm’s so called ‘swimming behavior’. The cannabis smokers were all ‘frequent users’, meaning they smoked cannabis an average of 14 times in one week over 5 years.

Dr Berkman reported that it was unclear exactly why cannabis has such an effect on sperm. One of the possibilities is that the active ingredient THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) stimulates the sperm cells and disturbs their swimming. It may block mechanism that are designed to weed out (get it?!) malfunctioning sperm.

Obviously many cannabis smokers father children. The researchers believe that if a man has borderline sperm counts cannabis smoking may ‘push them over the edge into infertility’. At the present time the researchers are unable to say how long it takes for the sperm to get back to normal if the drug is stopped.

At present this is only one study with quite a small sample. Fertility does depend on a lot of other factors, exercise, diet, health of the individual, cigarette smoking etc. Further research is needed.

Source: About.com